Having routed the united troops of Casimir IV and Vladislaus at Breslau in Silesia (now Wrocław in Poland) in late 1474, Matthias turned against the Ottomans, who had devastated the eastern parts of Hungary.
A group of Hungarian prelates and lords offered the throne to Vladislaus's younger brother Casimir, but Matthias overcame their rebellion. Instead, they elected Vladislaus Jagiellon, the eldest son of Casimir IV of Poland. The Catholic Estates proclaimed him King of Bohemia on, but the Hussite lords refused to yield to him even after the death of their leader George of Poděbrady in 1471. The next year, Matthias declared war on George of Poděbrady, the Hussite King of Bohemia, and conquered Moravia, Silesia, and Lusatia, but he could not occupy Bohemia proper. These measures caused a rebellion in Transylvania in 1467, but he subdued the rebels. Matthias introduced new taxes and regularly set taxation at extraordinary levels.
He soon realized he could expect no substantial aid from the Christian powers and gave up his anti-Ottoman policy. In this year, Matthias invaded the territories that had recently been occupied by the Ottomans and seized fortresses in Bosnia. The Emperor returned the Holy Crown of Hungary with which Matthias was crowned on 29 April 1464. Matthias signed a peace treaty with Frederick III in 1463, acknowledging the Emperor's right to style himself King of Hungary. In this period, the Ottoman Empire conquered Serbia and Bosnia, terminating the zone of buffer states along the southern frontiers of the Kingdom of Hungary. He began his rule under his uncle's guardianship, but he took effective control of government within two weeks.Īs king, Matthias waged wars against the Czech mercenaries who dominated Upper Hungary (today parts of Slovakia and Northern Hungary) and against Frederick III, Holy Roman Emperor, who claimed Hungary for himself. After the King died unexpectedly, Matthias's uncle Michael Szilágyi persuaded the Estates to unanimously proclaim the 14-year-old Matthias as king on 24 January 1458. Ladislaus Hunyadi was executed, causing a rebellion that forced King Ladislaus to flee Hungary. In 1457, Matthias was imprisoned along with his older brother, Ladislaus Hunyadi, on the orders of King Ladislaus the Posthumous. He was the son of John Hunyadi, Regent of Hungary, who died in 1456. After conducting several military campaigns, he was elected King of Bohemia in 1469 and adopted the title Duke of Austria in 1487. Matthias Corvinus, also called Matthias I ( Hungarian: Hunyadi Mátyás, Romanian: Matia/Matei Corvin, Croatian: Matija/Matijaš Korvin, Slovak: Matej Korvín, Czech: Matyáš Korvín 23 February 1443 – 6 April 1490), was King of Hungary and Croatia from 1458 to 1490.
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